[Footnote 1: Celebrated general under Petr' Alexiovitch the Great, and
the Tzarina Anna Iwanofna; banished by her successor, the Tzarina
Elizabeth Petrofna.] [Footnote 2: Saveliitch, son of Saveli.] [Footnote 3: Means pedagogue. Foreign teachers have adopted it to
signify their profession.] [Footnote 4: One who has not yet attained full age. Young gentlemen who
have not yet served are so called.] [Footnote 5: Drorovuiye lyndi, that is to say, courtyard people, or
serfs, who inhabit the quarters.] [Footnote 6: Eudosia, daughter of Basil.] [Footnote 7: Diminutive of Petr', Peter.] [Footnote 8: Anastasia, daughter of Garassim] [Footnote 9: Orenburg, capital of the district of Orenburg, which--the
most easterly one of European Russia--extends into Asia.] [Footnote 10: Touloup, short pelisse, not reaching to the knee.] [Footnote 11: John, son of John.] [Footnote 12: One kopek=small bit of copper money.] [Footnote 13: The rouble was then worth, as is now the silver rouble,
about 3s. 4d. English money.] [Footnote 14: "Kvass," kind of cider; common drink in Russia.] [Footnote 15: Whirlwind of snow.] [Footnote 16: Curtain made of the inner bark of the limetree which
covers the hood of a kibitka.] [Footnote 17: Marriage godfather.] [Footnote 18: Torch of fir or birch.] [Footnote 19: Tributary of the River Ural.] [Footnote 20: Tea urn.] [Footnote 21: A short caftan.] [Footnote 22: Russian priest.] [Footnote 23: Russian peasants carry their axe in their belt or behind
their back.] [Footnote 24: Under Catherine II., who reigned from 1762-1796.] [Footnote 25: i.e., "palati," usual bed of Russian peasants.] [Footnote 26: Allusion to the rewards given by the old Tzars to their
boyars, to whom they used to give their cloaks.] [Footnote 27: Anne Ivanofna reigned from 1730-1740.] [Footnote 28: One versta or verst (pronounced viorst) equal to 1,165
yards English.] [Footnote 29: Peasant cottages.] [Footnote 30: Loubotchnyia, i.e., coarse illuminated engravings.] [Footnote 31: Taken by Count Muenich.] [Footnote 32: John, son of Kouzma.] [Footnote 33: Formula of affable politeness.] [Footnote 34: Subaltern officer of Cossacks.] [Footnote 35: Alexis, son of John.] [Footnote 36: Basila, daughter of Gregory.] [Footnote 37: John, son of Ignatius.] [Footnote 38: The fashion of talking French was introduced under Peter
the Great.] [Footnote 39: Diminutive of Marya, Mary.] [Footnote 40: Russian soup, made of meat and vegetables.] [Footnote 41: In Russia serfs are spoken of as souls.] [Footnote 42: Ivanofna, pronounced Ivanna.] [Footnote 43: Poet, then celebrated, since forgotten.] [Footnote 44: They are written in the already old-fashioned style of the
time.] [Footnote 45: Trediakofski was an absurd poet whom Catherine II. held up
to ridicule in her "Rule of the Hermitage!"] [Footnote 46: Scornful way of writing the patronymic.] [Footnote 47: Formula of consent.] [Footnote 48: One verchok = 3 inches.] [Footnote 49: Grandson of Peter the Great, succeeded his aunt, Elizabeth
Petrofna, in 1762; murdered by Alexis Orloff in prison at Ropsha.] [Footnote 50: Torture of the "batogs," little rods, the thickness of a
finger, with which a criminal is struck on the bare back.] [Footnote 51: Edict or ukase of Catherine II.] [Footnote 52: Pugatch means bugbear.] [Footnote 53: Sarafan, dress robe. It is a Russian custom to bury the
dead in their best clothes.] [Footnote 54: Girdles worn by Russian peasants.] [Footnote 55: Peter III.] [Footnote 56: Little flat and glazed press where the Icons or Holy
Pictures are shut up, and which thus constitutes a domestic altar or
home shrine.] [Footnote 57: Ataman, military Cossack chief.] [Footnote 58: 1 petak = 5 kopek copper bit.] [Footnote 59: First of the false Dmitri.] [Footnote 60: Allusion to the old formulas of petitions addressed to the
Tzar, "I touch the earth with my forehead and I present my petition to
your 'lucid eyes.'"] [Footnote 61: At that time the nostrils of convicts were cut off. This
This barbarous custom has been abolished by the Tzar Alexander.] [Footnote 62: Daughter of another Commandant of a Fort, whom Pugatchef
outraged and murdered.] [Footnote 63: Name of a robber celebrated in the preceding century, who
fought long against the Imperial troops.] [Footnote 64: In the torture by fire the accused is tied hand and foot;
he is then fixed on a long pole, as upon a spit, being held at either
end by two men; his bare back is roasted over the fire. He is then
examined and abjured by a writer to confess, and any depositions he may
make are taken down.] [Footnote 65: Slight skirmish, wherein the advantage remained with
Pugatchef.] [Footnote 66: Frederick, son of Frederick; name given to Frederick the
Great by the Russian soldiery.] [Footnote 67: Title of a superior officer.] [Footnote 68: Hazard game at cards.] [Footnote 69: Diminutive of Emelian.] [Footnote 70: Little summer carriage.] [Footnote 71: Fedor Poushkin, a noble of high rank, ancestor of the
author, was executed on a charge of treason by Petr' Alexiovitch the
Great.] [Footnote 72: Leaders of the Russian faction against John Ernest, Duc de
Biren, Grand Chamberlain, and favourite of the Tzarina, Anne Ivanofna.
Both were executed in a barbarous manner.] [Footnote 73: Anna, daughter of Blaize.] [Footnote 74: General Romanoff, distinguished in the wars against the
Turks, vanquished them at Larga and Kazoul, 1772. He died 1796.]